VALIDATION OF THE COURSE SATISFACTION QUESTIONNAIRE (CSQ) THROUGH EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS IN PAKISTANI UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Abstract

The objective of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Course Satisfaction Questionnaire
(CSQ) among Pakistani university students. A random sample of 739 students (29.6% men, 70.4% women) were
recruited from public and private universities in Pakistan. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted, and
the reliability of the CSQ was assessed using Cronbach's Alpha values. The CSQ and its subscales demonstrated
strong internal consistency, with values exceeding .70. Initially, EFA revealed a three-factor structure: Factor 1,
labeled 'Satisfaction with Course,' consisted of 13 items (α=.77); Factor 2, labeled 'Satisfaction with Instructor,'
comprised 6 items (α=.84); and Factor 3, labeled 'Quantity of Interaction between you and your Instructor,'
included only 1 item. Factor 3 was removed from further analysis as it consisted of only one item, and its reliability
could not be determined. The overall reliability of the entire scale was high (.88). The study concludes that the CSQ
is a valid tool for assessing satisfaction levels among both adolescents and adults within the context of courses. The
implications of these findings are discussed, and it is recommended that both indigenous Pakistani and international
researchers adopt the CSQ for their studies. In summary, the study confirmed the reliability and validity of the CSQ
among Pakistani university students and suggests its use in future research on satisfaction levels in academic
settings.